1: Challenges for Australia’s tax system

Chart 1.1 Trade and foreign direct investment as a share of GDP

Source: ABS 2014, Australian System of National Accounts, cat. no. 5204.0, ABS, Canberra.

This chart shows trade (exports and imports) and foreign direct investment (into Australia and abroad) as a share of GDP from 1988-89 to 2013-14.

Trade and foreign direct investment as a share of GDP
  Exports Imports FDI in Australia FDI abroad
1988-89 15.1 17.0 24.9 12.2
1989-90 15.1 17.1 25.8 12.0
1990-91 16.0 16.2 25.7 10.8
1991-92 16.7 16.5 27.1 12.2
1992-93 17.5 17.9 28.9 14.5
1993-94 18.0 18.5 29.1 15.0
1994-95 17.9 19.8 29.6 16.8
1995-96 18.9 19.3 29.5 16.0
1996-97 19.1 18.8 30.3 18.2
1997-98 19.6 20.4 31.1 23.7
1998-99 18.4 20.6 32.3 23.7
1999-00 19.4 21.5 34.0 30.5
2000-01 22.1 22.0 35.9 31.0
2001-02 20.7 20.6 35.4 30.3
2002-03 18.9 21.0 37.4 29.1
2003-04 17.0 19.7 38.8 32.9
2004-05 18.1 20.8 38.2 29.0
2005-06 19.6 21.4 38.7 35.3
2006-07 19.9 21.5 41.2 38.0
2007-08 19.8 22.4 41.4 35.6
2008-09 22.5 22.4 39.3 32.7
2009-10 19.5 20.4 41.4 34.1
2010-11 21.2 20.1 39.5 32.6
2011-12 21.3 21.5 40.0 30.4
2012-13 19.9 21.1 42.2 33.1
2013-14 20.9 21.3 42.9 34.3

Chart 1.2 Sources of growth in real national income per person

Source: ABS 2015, Australian National Accounts, cat. no. 5206.0, ABS, Canberra and Treasury

The chart shows the contributions to real gross national income per capita annual average growth of net foreign income, labour utilisation, labour productivity and the terms of trade.

Sources of growth in real national income per person
  Per capita income growth Labour utilisation Net foreign income Terms of trade Labour productivity Terms of trade
1960s 3.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 2.2 0.0
1970s 1.4 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 1.9 -0.1
1980s 1.7 0.6 -0.2 0.1 1.2 0.1
1990s 2.1 0.0 0.1 -0.1 2.1 -0.1
2000 to 2013 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.8 1.5 0.8
2014 to 2025 0.9 0.1 0.0 -0.4 1.3 -0.4
2025 to 2055 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0