Appendix D: Aggregated superannuation tax expenditure
Table D1 aggregates the estimated tax expenditures related to funded superannuation. The tax expenditures identified individually in Table D1 should be understood as part of an integrated system. This system is significantly concessional taken as a whole. To get a complete picture of superannuation tax expenditures, item C7 covering unfunded superannuation should be added.
The calculation of the estimates requires projections of contributions, earnings and eligible termination payments (ETPs). The estimates use projections of contributions, earnings and payouts. They assume that tax is collected from superannuation funds mainly in the year in which the contributions and earnings occur. 
There have been significant changes to the estimates of the superannuation tax expenditures since the 2008 TES, mainly due to:
•	updated base data used to estimate the superannuation tax expenditures;
•	revised growth estimates reflecting the impacts of the global financial crisis, particularly on taxable capital gains; and
•	revised methodology in some instances.

Table D1: Aggregated tax expenditures for funded superannuation(a)(b)

(a)	The concessional treatment of unfunded superannuation (C7) and the concessional treatment of non‑superannuation benefits (C3) are reported as separate tax expenditures and are not included in this table.
(b)	Totals may not sum due to rounding.
(c)	Includes the revenue impact of the surcharge on superannuation contributions for high income earners which applied to contributions for 2004‑05 and earlier years.
(d)	Prior to 2002‑03, this line showed the level of the tax offset available to low income earners who made personal contributions. Since 2003‑04, the line shows the impact of the government co‑contribution being untaxed.
(e)	Includes total tax withheld from departing Australia superannuation payments.
(f)	Indeterminate, but likely to be insignificant.